How sustainable is the food we’re eating?

A new study of consumers across 18 countries including Malta, reveals that fewer consumers report making healthy and sustainable food choices, against a backdrop of declining trust in the food sector.

The latest EIT Food Trust Report shows that less than half (45%) of Europeans say that they have trust in food, related to the taste, safety, health, authenticity and sustainability of our food system.

The report was developed by the EIT Food Consumer Observatory, which drives transformation to a healthier, more sustainable and more resilient food system.

The study showed that while consumers are mostly confident that the food they eat is safe (53%), they are more sceptical about its sustainability and healthiness. Only a third (36%) of consumers believe that the food they eat is sustainable, while less than half (44%) believe it is healthy.

Fewer consumers making healthy and sustainable choices

This scepticism around sustainability may be driving a decline in motivations for consumers to actively try and lead a sustainable lifestyle. In 2020, nearly eight in 10 consumers (78%) reported that they intended to live a sustainable lifestyle, but that has since dropped steadily to 71%.

When it comes to food choices, this is even lower – with less than half of consumers (49%) reporting that they take the environmental impact of their diet into account when choosing what to eat. This is compared to 51% in 2020 and 2021 and 48% in 2022.

Consumers’ intentions to eat healthily has also been declining for the past few years – with 56% of consumers now reporting that they try and eat healthily, compared to 60% in 2020 and 2021.

The study also indicates that this scepticism and distrust apply to food innovation – as only a third of consumers (34%) say they are open to new food products. Younger consumers, however, are much more open to food innovation with 44% of 18–34 year olds reporting they are open to new food products compared to just 24% in the 55+ age group. This demonstrates that the next generation may be much more willing to embrace new food products designed to contribute to healthier and more sustainable diets.

Decline in trust in food sector

The report also demonstrates a decline in consumer trust in the overall food sector, in terms of the competency, openness and care of food sector actors such as farmers, manufacturers, authorities, restaurants and retailers.

Farmers remain the most trusted group in the food sector, with 65% of consumers expressing trust in this group. However, this represents a slight drop from the previous year (67%), driven by a decline in beliefs about the competence of farmers. Two thirds (67%) of consumers now believe farmers are doing a good job, down from 69% last year – however, this still represents the highest score of any food sector group. Farmers also received the highest scores of any group for being open (54%) and demonstrating that they care about consumers and act in the public interest (53%).

Retailers are the second most trusted group, with half (50%) of consumers reporting that they trust retailers – a drop from 52% in 2022.

Restaurants and caterers were scored at 48%, down from 49% last year. While over half of consumers agreed that restaurants and catering are doing a good job (54%), consumers did not rate them as highly on their demonstrations of caring about the public (44%) or their openness in preparing and selling food (39%).

Less than one in two, meanwhile, trust food manufacturers or authorities (government agencies at national and EU level). The report shows that just 46% and 45% of consumers state that they trust food manufacturers and authorities respectively – down from 48% in 2021 – while 27% and 32% respectively actively mistrust them.

What’s more, only four in 10 (38%) of consumers believe that food manufacturers care about people’s concerns, while just 37% feel that they are open and honest about how they prepare and sell food.

This was much the case for perceptions about authorities too, with just over a third of consumers believing that authorities care about and listen to what ordinary people think about food (38%), or that they are sufficiently open about how they regulate food production (37%).

Klaus G Grunert, Professor of Marketing at Aarhus University and Lead of the Consumer Observatory, said: ‘Consumers need to be able to trust that the food they eat is both good for them, and good for the planet.

‘If we are to support people to make long-term changes to how they eat, we need the food sector to work with consumers to provide better information, options and access for diets that are healthy, nutritious and sustainable – while being affordable and inclusive for everyone.’

You reap what you sow

This is who we are

Our programmes and partnerships, innovations and investments, and the positive impact we’re having in our communities